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Fire-making Materials
Relative Usefulness of Friction
Fire Woods
and Successful Wood Combinations
for Various Friction Fire Techniques
by Storm
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| Preferred Hand Drill Materials of the Central Coast Section of the
California Floristic Province |
| |
| Great: |
|
Achillea millefolium |
Yarrow |
|
Conyza canadensis |
Horseweed |
|
Acer negundo |
Box Elder |
|
Aesculus californica |
CA Buckeye |
|
Baccharis salicifolia |
Seep Willow |
|
Sambucus mexicana |
Blue Elderberry |
|
Sequoia sempervirens |
Coast Redwood |
|
Typha latifolia |
Cattail |
|
Acer macrophyllum |
Big-leaf Maple |
|
Artemisia douglasiana |
Mugwort |
|
Cirsium vulgare |
Bull Thistle |
|
Cytisus scoparius |
Scotch Broom |
|
Pseudotsuga menziesii |
Douglas Fir |
|
Scrophularia californica |
CA Figwort |
|
Sonchus oleraceus |
Sow Thistle |
|
 |
|
|
|
| Good: |
|
Erigeron sp. |
Fleabane Daisy |
|
Umbellularia californica |
CA Bay Laurel |
|
Verbascum thapsus |
Common Mullein |
|
Helianthus sp. |
Garden Sunflower |
|
Lonicera hispidula |
Hairy Honeysuckle |
|
Salix sp. |
Willow |
|
Solidago spathulata |
Coast Goldenrod |
|
Cornus sericera |
American Dogwood |
|
Rubus parviflorus |
Thimbleberry |
|
Silybum marianum |
Milk Thistle |
|
Vitus californica |
Wild Grape |
|
Alnus rhombifolia |
White Alder |
|
Artemisia californica |
CA Sagebrush |
|
| |
| Difficult: |
|
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus |
CA Lilac |
|
Chlorogalum pomeridianum |
Soaproot |
|
Dipsacus fullonum |
Fuller's Teasel |
|
Eriophyllum staechadifolium |
Seaside Woolly Sunflower |
|
Euonymus occidentalis |
Western Burning Bush |
|
Holodiscus discolor |
Ocean Spray |
|
Myrica californica |
Pac. Wax Myrtle |
|
Rubus discolor |
Himalayan Blackberry |
|
Thuja plicata |
Western Red Cedar |
|
Prunus cerasifera |
Cherry Plum |
|
Rosa gymnocarpa |
Wood Rose |
|
Escallonia macrantha |
Escallonia |
|
Mimulus aurantiacus |
Sticky Monkeyflower |
|
Rhododendron occidentale |
Western Azalea |
|
Tamarix parviflora |
Smallflower Tamarisk |
|
Baccharis douglasii |
Marsh Baccharis |
|
Larix sp. |
Tamarack |
|
Lithocarpus densiflorus |
Tan Oak |
|
Madia elegans |
Tarweed |
|
Symphoricarpos albus |
Snowberry |
|
Acacia sp. |
Acacia |
|
Calocedrus decurrens |
Incense Cedar |
|
Corylus cornuta |
Hazelnut |
|
Cydonia oblonga |
Quince |
|
Grindelia stricta |
Marsh Gum Plant |
|
Phyllostachys sp. |
Bamboo |
|
Rhododendron macrophyllum |
Pacific Rhododendron |
|
Salix lutea |
Yellow Willow |
|
| |
| Extremely Difficult
(*embers attained): |
|
Arbutus menziesii* |
Madrone |
|
Baccharis pilularis* |
Coyote Brush |
|
Conium maculatum |
Poison Hemlock |
|
Cupressus macrocarpa |
Monterey Cypress |
|
Eucalyptus globulus |
Blue Gum Eucalyptus |
|
Hedera helix |
English Ivy |
|
Heteromeles arbutifolia* |
Toyon |
|
Juniperus communis |
Common Juniper |
|
Lupinus arborus* |
Tree Lupine |
|
Malus sp.* |
Apple |
|
Pteridium aquilinum |
Bracken Fern |
|
Pyrus sp.* |
Pear |
|
Rhamnus californica* |
Coffeeberry |
|
Ribes menziesii |
Canyon Gooseberry |
|
Rumex crispus |
Curly Dock |
|
Ulmus minor* |
Smooth-leaved Elm |
|
Vaccinium ovatum |
Evergreen Huckleberry |
|
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|
| |
|
|
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Preferred Hand Drill
Materials of the Sierran Foothill Section of the California
Floristic Province
(Coloma, CA Area)(CA Buckeye, Quaking
Aspen, Mtn. Red Elderberry, Mtn. Ash and Incense Cedar
hearthboards
used with each spindle species) |
| |
|
Great: |
|
Clematis lasiantha |
Chaparral Virgin’s Bower |
|
Cornus stolonifera |
Red-osier Dogwood |
|
Populus tremuloides |
Quaking Aspen |
|
Populus trichocarpa |
Black Cottonwood |
|
Sambucus microbotrys |
Mountain Red Elderberry |
|
|
|
Good: |
|
Alnus rhombifolia |
White Alder |
|
Artemisia tridentata |
Great Basin Sagebrush |
|
Baccharis pilularis var. consanguineum |
Coyote Brush |
|
Chrysothamnus nauseosus |
Rabbit Brush |
|
Pinus sabiniana |
Grey Pine |
|
|
|
Difficult: |
|
Arctostaphylos patula |
Green-Leaf Manzanita |
|
Arctostaphylos viscida |
White-Leaf Manzanita |
|
Ceanothus integerrimus |
Deer Brush |
|
Cercis occidentalis |
Redbud |
|
Corylus cornuta var. californica |
Western Hazelnut |
|
Pinus ponderosa |
Ponderosa Pine |
|
Quercus douglasii |
Blue Oak |
|
Rhamnus californica |
Coffeeberry |
|
Rhamnus purshiana |
Cascara |
|
Salix scouleriana |
Scouler’s Willow |
|
Solidago occidentalis |
Western Goldenrod |
|
Sorbus californica |
Mountain Ash |
|
|
|
Extremely Difficult: (no embers attained) |
|
Apocynum androsaemifolium |
Dogbane |
|
Cornus nuttallii |
Flowering Dogwood |
|
Ledum glandulosum |
Labrador Tea |
|
Quercus kelloggii |
CA Black Oak |
|
Spiraea douglasii |
Western Spiraea |
|
Urtica dioica |
Stinging Nettle |
|
| |
| (some of the above woods were chucked into spindle shafts for use) |
|
| |
| Successful Hand Drill
Combinations of Coloma, CA Area |
| |
On Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima):
-
Big-Leaf Maple (Acer macrophyllum)
-
Box
Elder (Acer negundo)
-
Mountain Alder (Alnus incana var.
tenuifolia)
-
Redosier Dogwood (Cornus stolonifera)
-
Blue Elderberry (Sambucus mexicana)
-
Red Elderberry (Sambucus microbotrys)
On Western Clematis (Clematis ligusticifolia):
- Cattail (Typha latifolia)
- CA Bay Laurel (Umbellularia californica)
- Red Willow (Salix laevigata)
On Mountain Hemlock root (Tsuga mertensiana)
- Redbud (Cercis occidentalis)
- Mock Orange (Philadelphus lewisii)
On Wild Grape (Vitus californica)
- Big-Leaf Maple (Acer macrophyllum)
- CA Bay Laurel (Umbellularia californica)
- Blue Elderberry (Sambucus mexicana)
- Box Elder (Acer negundo)
- Cattail (Typha latifolia)
- Red Elderberry (Sambucus microbotrys)
- Great Basin Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata)
- Spice Bush (Calycanthus occidentalis)
- Western Hazelnut (Corylus cornuta var. californica)
|
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| Successful Hand Drill
Combinations of the Olympic Peninsula, WA |
| |
On Western Hemlock Root (Tsuga heterophylla)
- Big-Leaf Maple (Acer macrophyllum)
- Cattail (Typha latifolia)
- Red Elderberry (Sambucus racemosa)
On Western Red Cedar heartwood (Thuja plicata)
- Big-Leaf Maple (Acer macrophyllum)
- Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata)
- Salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis)
- Thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus)
- Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
On Western Red Cedar sapwood (Thuja plicata)
- Cattail (Typha latifolia)
- Horseweed (Conyza canadensis)
- Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
- Burdock (Arctium lappa)
- Mullein (Verbascum thapsus)
On Sub-Alpine Fir (Abies lasiocarpa)
- Spiraea (Spiraea latifolia)
- Ocean Spray (Holodiscus discolor)
- Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata)
On Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis)
- Bitter Cherry (Prunus emarginata)
- Clematis (Clematis lingustifolia)
On Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
- Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
- Big-Leaf Maple (Acer macrophyllum)
- Clematis (Clematis lingustifolia)
- Cattail (Typha latifolia)
- Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata)
- Red Elderberry (Sambucus racemosa)
On Big-Leaf Maple (Acer macrophyllum)
- Big-Leaf Maple (Acer macrophyllum)
- Cattail (Typha latifolia)
- Ocean Spray (Holodiscus discolor)
- Thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus)
- Salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis)
On Douglas Fir bark (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
- Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
On Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius)
- Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius)
On Artist’s Conk fungus (Ganoderma applanatum)
- Big-Leaf Maple (Acer macrophyllum)
- Mullein (Verbascum thapsus)
On Red-Belted Conk fungus (Fomitopsis pinicola)
- Big-Leaf Maple (Acer macrophyllum)
|
|
| |
| Successful Hand Drill
Combinations of Southern CA |
| |
- On CA
Fan Palm (Washingtonia filifera)
- Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
- Big-Leaf Maple (Acer
macrophyllum)
- Maple-Curry Escallonia (Escallonia
sp.)—ornamental shrub
- Seep Willow (Baccharis viminea)
on Cottonwood Root (Populus balsamifera
ssp. trichocarpa)
- Utah Serviceberry (Amelanchier
utahensis) on itself
- Seep Willow (Baccharis viminea)
on Joshua Tree outer “bark” (Yucca brevifolia)
- Scale Broom (Lepidospartum
squamatum) on itself
- Seep Willow (Baccharis viminea)
on Nolina sp.
|
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| Woods That Have Provided
Non-Notched Spindle Embers (Hand Drill) |
| |
|
On Softer Hearthboards: |
|
Acer macrophyllum |
Big-leaf Maple |
|
Aesculus californica |
CA Buckeye |
|
Chlorogalum pomeridianum |
Soaproot |
|
Cirsium vulgare |
Bull Thistle |
|
Conyza canadensis |
Horseweed |
|
Eriophyllum staechadifolium |
Seaside Woolly Sunflower |
|
Grindelia stricta |
Marsh Gum Plant |
|
Helianthus sp. |
Garden Sunflower |
|
Rubus discolor |
Himalayan Blackberry |
|
Sambucus mexicana |
Blue Elderberry |
|
Scrophularia californica |
CA Figwort |
|
Sequoia sempervirens |
Coast Redwood |
|
Silybum marianum |
Milk Thistle |
|
Solidago spathulata |
Coast Goldenrod |
|
Sonchus oleraceus |
Sow Thistle |
|
Symphoricarpos albus |
Snowberry |
|
Typha latifolia |
Cattail |
|
Verbascum thapsus |
Common Mullein |
|
|
|
On Harder Hearthboards: |
|
Acer macrophyllum |
Big-leaf Maple |
|
Acer negundo |
Box Elder |
|
Achillea millefolium |
Yarrow |
|
Aesculus californica |
CA Buckeye |
|
Artemisia douglasiana |
Mugwort |
|
Baccharis salicifolia |
Mule Fat |
|
Chlorogalum pomeridianum |
Soaproot |
|
Conyza canadensis |
Horseweed |
|
Cytisus scoparius |
Scotch Broom |
|
Erigeron sp. |
Fleabane Daisy |
|
Helianthus sp. |
Garden Sunflower |
|
Holodiscus discolor |
Ocean Spray |
|
Lithocarpus densiflorus |
Tan Oak |
|
Lonicera hispidula |
Hairy Honeysuckle |
|
Madia elegans |
Tarweed |
|
Rubus discolor |
Himalayan Blackberry |
|
Rubus parviflorus |
Thimbleberry |
|
Sambucus mexicana |
Blue Elderberry |
|
Sequoia sempervirens |
Coast Redwood |
|
Solidago spathulata |
Coast Goldenrod |
|
Typha latifolia |
Cattail |
|
Urtica californica |
Stinging Nettle |
|
Verbascum thapsus |
Common Mullein |
|
|
|
Woods That Did Not Offer Non-Notched Embers: |
|
Acacia sp. |
Acacia |
|
Alnus rhombifolia |
White Alder |
|
Arbutus menziesii |
Madrone |
|
Artemisia californica |
CA Sagebrush |
|
Baccharis douglasii |
Marsh Baccharis |
|
Baccharis pilularis |
Coyote Brush |
|
Calocedrus decurrens |
Incense Cedar |
|
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus |
CA Lilac |
|
Conium maculatum |
Poison Hemlock |
|
Cornus sericera |
American Dogwood |
|
Corylus cornuta |
Hazelnut |
|
Cupressus macrocarpa |
Monterey Cypress |
|
Cydonia oblonga |
Quince |
|
Dipsacus fullonum |
Fuller's Teasel |
|
Escallonia macrantha |
Escallonia |
|
Eucalyptus globulus |
Blue Gum Eucalyptus |
|
Euonymus occidentalis |
W. Burning Bush |
|
Hedera helix |
English Ivy |
|
Heteromeles arbutifolia |
Toyon |
|
Juniperus communis |
Common Juniper |
|
Larix sp. |
Tamarack |
|
Lupinus arborus |
Tree Lupine |
|
Malus sp. |
Apple |
|
Mimulus aurantiacus |
Sticky Monkeyflower |
|
Myrica californica |
Pac. Wax Myrtle |
|
Phyllostachys sp. |
Bamboo |
|
Prunus cerasifera |
Cherry Plum |
|
Pseudotsuga menziesii |
Douglas Fir |
|
Pteridium aquilinum |
Bracken Fern |
|
Pyrus sp. |
Pear |
|
Rhamnus californica |
Coffeeberry |
|
Rhododendron macrophyllum |
Pacific Rhododendron |
|
Rhododendron occidentale |
Western Azalea |
|
Ribes menziesii |
Canyon Gooseberry |
|
Rosa gymnocarpa |
Wood Rose |
|
Rumex crispus |
Curly Dock |
|
Salix lutea |
Yellow Willow |
|
Salix sp. |
Willow |
|
Tamarix parviflora |
Smallflower Tamarisk |
|
Thuja plicata |
Western Red Cedar |
|
Ulmus minor |
Smooth-leaved Elm |
|
Umbellularia californica |
CA
Bay Laurel |
|
Vaccinium ovatum |
Evergreen Huckleberry |
|
Vitus californica |
Wild Grape |
|
| |
|
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| Preferred Bow Drill
Materials of the Loma Mar, CA Area |
| |
|
Great: |
|
Sambucus mexicana |
Blue Elderberry |
|
Aesculus californica |
CA Buckeye |
|
Sequoia sempervirens |
Coast Redwood |
|
Pseudotsuga menziesii |
Douglas Fir |
|
Clematis ligusticifolia |
Clematis |
|
Acer macrophyllum |
Big-leaf Maple |
|
Lonicera hispidula var. vacillans |
Hairy Honeysuckle |
|
Thuja plicata |
W. Red Cedar |
|
Conyza canadensis |
Horseweed |
|
Pinus radiata |
Monterey Pine |
|
Vitus californica |
Wild Grape |
|
|
|
Good: |
|
Rosa gymnocarpa |
Wood Rose |
|
Acacia sp. |
Acacia |
|
Pyrus sp. |
Pear |
|
Acer negundo |
Box Elder |
|
Eucalyptus globulus |
Eucalyptus |
|
Prunus sp. |
Wild Cherry |
|
Malus sp. |
Apple |
|
Ribes menziesii |
Canyon Gooseberry |
|
Hedera helix |
English Ivy |
|
Prunus cerasifera |
Cherry Plum |
|
Salix sp. |
Willow sp. |
|
Cupressus abramsiana |
Santa Cruz Cypress |
|
Rubus parviflorus |
Thimbleberry |
|
Umbellularia californica |
CA Bay Laurel |
|
Cytisus scoparius |
Scotch Broom |
|
Artemisia californica |
CA Sagebrush |
|
Cornus sericea |
American Dogwood |
|
Rhododendron macrophyllum |
Pacific Rhododendron |
|
Lupinus arboreus |
Tree Lupine |
|
Euonymus occidentalis |
Western Burning Bush |
|
Alnus rhombifolia |
White Alder |
|
|
|
Difficult: |
|
Baccharis pilularis |
Coyote Brush |
|
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus |
CA Wild Lilac |
|
Rhamnus californica |
Coffeeberry |
|
Corylus cornuta var. californica |
CA Hazelnut |
|
Lithocarpus densiflorus |
Tan Oak |
|
Vaccinium ovatum |
Evergreen Huckleberry |
|
|
|
Extremely Difficult: |
|
Myrica californica |
Pac. Wax Myrtle |
|
Holodiscus discolor |
Ocean Spray |
|
Heteromeles arbutifolia |
Toyon |
|
Quercus wislizeni |
Interior Live Oak |
|
Rubus discolor |
Himalayan Blackberry |
|
Arbutus menziesii |
Madrone |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
Successful Bow Drill
Spindle Woods Used On Fungal Hearthboards
around Lake
Crescent, Olympic National Park, WA |
| |
-
On
Tinder Fungus (Fomes fomentarius)
-
Clematis (Clematis lingusifolia)
-
Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
-
Burning Bush (Euonymus purpureous)
-
On
Artist’s Conk Fungus (Ganoderma applanatum)
-
Big-Leaf Maple (Acer macrophyllum)
-
Basswood (Tilia americana)
-
Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
-
CA Fan Palm (Washingtonia filifera)
-
Seep Willow (Baccharis viminea)
-
On
Red-Belted Conk Fungus (Fomitopsis pinicola)
-
Big-Leaf Maple (Acer macrophyllum)
-
Red-Osier Dogwood (Cornus stolonifera)
-
Burning Bush (Euonymus purpureous)
-
CA Fan Palm (Washingtonia filifera)
-
On
Birch Polypore Fungus (Piptoporus betulina)
|
|
| |
| Miscellaneous Successful
Hand Drill Combinations |
| |
-
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) on
itself
-
Interior Live Oak (Quercus wislizenii) on
CA Buckeye (Aesculus california)
-
Bamboo (Phyllostachys sp.)--with the node at the
spindle’s working end--on CA Fan Palm (Washingtonia
filifera)
-
Seep Willow (Baccharis viminea) on
-
Douglas Fir bark (Pseudotsuga
menziesii)
-
on Sea Grape
(Coccoloba uvifera)
-
on Red
Mangrove (Rhizophora mangle)
|
|
| |
| Successful Fire Plow
Combinations |
| |
-
Seep Willow (Baccharis viminea) on CA Fan
Palm (Washingtonia filifera)
-
Seep Willow (Baccharis viminea) on Coast
Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)
-
CA
Buckeye (Aesculus california) on itself
-
On Sotol (Dasylirion
wheeleri):
|
|
| |
| Successful Fire Saw
Combinations |
| |
-
Whipple’s Yucca (Yucca whipplei) on itself
-
Sotol (Dasylirion wheeleri) on Whipple’s
Yucca (Yucca whipplei)
-
CA
Fan Palm (Washingtonia filifera) on itself
-
CA
Fan Palm (Washingtonia filifera) on CA
Buckeye
-
Bamboo (Phyllostachys sp.) on itself
-
Red
Elderberry (Sambucus racemosa) on itself
|
|
| |
| Successful Fire Thong
Combinations |
| |
-
Rattan
on Rattan
-
Bamboo
on Bamboo
|
|
|
|
|
